Presidents Vaclav Havel of
Czechoslovakia and Richard von Weizsacker of West Germany met with
President Kurt Waldheim of Austria today, further eroding efforts over
the last four years to isolate Mr. Waldheim diplomatically because of
his war record.
Mr. Havel, a longtime human-rights
campaigner, has been widely criticized for accepting an invitation to
open the Salzburg Festival. But he made his address a pointed lecture
to those who ''rewrite their own history'' and ''fear facing their own
past.''
Public Contact Minimized
The two visitors
minimized their public contact with Mr. Waldheim, who is suspected of
having been aware of war crimes committed by his German unit when he
was a lieutenant in occupied Greece and Yugoslavia. He also has been
accused of having covered up that part of his biography during his rise
to high office. Mr. Waldheim served two terms as Secretary General of
the United Nations, and it was only during his campaign for the
Austrian presidency in 1986 that public allegations about his record
surfaced.
In a television interview tonight, Mr. Waldheim
said he saw no link between Mr. Havel's statements and his own history.
He said he had not rewritten his biography or denied anything from his
past, and that ''international commissions'' had ruled that he shared
in no guilt for war crimes.
Until today, the only European
head of state to have seen President Waldheim in Austria was President
George Vassiliou of Cyprus. But in this same period Mr. Waldheim was
visited by Pope John Paul II; Giulio Andreotti, Italy's Foreign
Minister; Eduard A. Shevardnadze, the Soviet Foreign Minister, and
Crown Prince Raja Vajiralongkorn of Thailand.
On his travels
in this period, mostly to Islamic countries, Mr. Waldheim has met with
King Hussein of Jordan and President Kenan Evren of Turkey.
In
an interview published in Vienna on the eve of his visit, Mr. Havel
questioned the moral value of Western leaders' avoidance of contacts
with Mr. Waldheim.
''I don't want to say that this posture
didn't originally have an ethical basis,'' Mr. Havel said in the
interview with the daily Salzburger Nachrichten. ''Of course it did,
but by turning it into a ritual it becomes void and loses its original
moral content and become a cliche.''
In comments reported by
the Czechoslovak press agency, Mr. Havel said his decision to attend
the festival was a ''expression of respect for the Salzburg festival
and especially the Austrian nation.''
Mr. Havel was
criticized for coming here even by Charter 77, the human-rights
organization that he helped to found and that became the core of the
dissident movement under his country's Communist former leadership. His
visit was also questioned in a front-page open letter by Lidove Noviny,
a daily that is close to the Czechoslovak President. #3 Are Guests at
Lunch The crush of photographers and reporters around Mr. Waldheim as
he awaited the joint arrival of the visiting Presidents in the Festival
Theatre lobby this morning was so great that it apparently prevented
his greeting them formally in public.
But the three spoke
briefly after Mr. Havel's address and were guests at a lunch given by
the province's Governor in a hotel a few yards down the narrow street
from the house where Mozart was born.
Lunching with Mr.
Havel could not have been easy for the 71-year-old Mr. Waldheim. The
literary indirection of Mr. Havel's speech could hardly disguise to
whom it was addressed.
Making existential fear of history in
Central Europe his theme, Mr. Havel, who is 53, said he had felt such
anxiety himself. He spoke of his ''hangover'' in recent days, when the
''poetry'' of the events that made him President gave way to everyday
''prose'' after his election last month by the first freely chosen
Parliament in four decades.
''Fear of history in these parts
is not only fear of the future but also fear of the past,'' Mr. Havel
said. ''He who fears what is to come usually also fears facing what has
already been. And he who fears facing his own past must necessarily
fear what lies before him.''
''Too often in this corner of
the world, fear of one lie leads only to another lie, in the vain hope
that it will cover up not only the first but also the very practice of
lying,'' he continued. ''But lying can never save us from the lie.
Falsifiers of history do not safeguard freedom but imperil it.
''The
assumption that one can with impunity navigate through history and
rewrite one's own biography belongs to the traditional Central European
delusions.
''If some one tries to do this, he harms himself
and his fellow citizens. For there is no full freedom there where
freedom is not given to the full truth. In this or other ways, many
here have made themselves guilty. Yet we cannot be forgiven, and in our
souls peace cannot reign, as long as we do not at least admit our
guilt. Confession liberates.''
''I have many reasons for the
statement that the truth liberates man from fear,'' Mr. Havel said. He
said that dissidents in Eastern Europe retained their human qualities
only by speaking the truth without fear. ''Otherwise they would
probably have succumbed to their despair,'' said the man who served
more than four years in prison for speaking his mind.
Mr.
Havel concluded: ''Let us try then to free this sorely tested region
not only from its fear of the lie but also of its fear of the truth.
Let us at last look sincerely, calmly and attentively into our own
faces, into our past, present and future. We will reach beyond its
ambiguity only when we understand it.''
Visits Are Labeled Private
The
presidential visits were labeled private and devoted to the festival,
and no national flags bedecked the town, which was bathed in sunshine.
Mr. Havel and Mr. Weizsacker, left for home after lunch, the German by
helicopter and the Czechoslovak by car.
Mr. Waldheim arrived
at the restaurant in his own car, followed minutes later by the two
visitors traveling together. In the discussion before lunch, Mr. Havel
invited Mr. Waldheim and the Austrian Chancellor, Franz Vranitzky, to
send experts to take part in Czechoslovak studies on the safety of a
planned nuclear-power plant near the Austrian border that is opposed by
Austrian environmentalists.
Mr. Havel explained in his
speech that he had accepted the invitation about a year ago in the
belief that, as usual, he would not be allowed to travel and would
smuggle out his essay to be read by another. Before his first election
as President last December, he had not left Czechoslovakia since 1968.
Privately,
Czechoslovak officials said earlier in Prague that the President would
have avoided the visit had he been invited immediately after the
revolution that catapulted him from dissidence to the presidency. He
was reported to have sweetened the pill by obtaining Mr. Weizsacker's
agreement to accompany him.
The German President, who is 70,
had won wide acclaim for a speech in 1985 accepting German
responsibility for the crimes of Nazis and had been the first foreign
leader whom Mr. Havel invited to Prague after becoming President. Mr.
Weizsacker's father, a German diplomat, was convicted of war crimes at
the Nuremberg trials, and served two years of a seven-year sentence.
Mr.
Weizsacker and Mr. Havel arrived from Germany in a West German Border
Police helicopter. Even Czechoslovaks who opposed the visit do not
suspect Mr. Havel of having kept the engagement with the Salzburg
Festival to ingratiate himself or his nation with their neighbor. His
address was clearly not designed to make the Austrian President his
friend.
'I Like to Keep Promises'
''I accepted, and I like to keep my promises,'' Mr. Havel said to an Austrian television interviewer.
The
only disorder was provoked by two militant American Jews in the theater
lobby before Mr. Havel's address, who shouted at Mr. Waldheim, accusing
him of mass murder. Austrian reporters identified them as Rabbi Avi
Weiss of the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale, the Bronx, and Jacob
Davidson. They were taken into custody, a police spokesman said, and
released about 90 minutes later on bail of an undisclosed amount. last
subhed can bite
Photo: Presidents Vaclav Havel of
Czechoslovakia, right, and Richard von Weizsacker of West Germany,
center, met yesterday in Salzburg with President Kurt Waldheim despite
a tacit boycott of Austria by other leaders. (Agence France-Presse)